There are several components to teaching phonemic awareness to children.
- Isolating phonemes – Student can identify the individual sounds of letters. Example: Teacher says, “What is the first sound in man?” or “What sound do you hear at the end of man?” Student answers, “/m/” or “/n/” accordingly.
- Matching phonemes – Student identifies the words with the same beginning sound in a short list of words. Example: Teacher says, “Listen to these words and tell me which ones begin with the same sound: ball, bell, cat, book.” Student answers, “ball, bell, book.”
- Blending phonemes – Student listens to individual sounds and blends them together to form a word. Example: Teacher says, “Listen to these sounds and tell me the word, /m/-/a-/-/n/.” Student answers, “Man.”
- Segmenting phonemes – Student hears a word and makes the individual sounds for that word. Example: Teacher says, “Tell me the sounds you hear in man.” Student answers, “/m/-/a/-/n/.”
- Deleting phonemes – Teacher removes the beginning phoneme and student tells the new word. Example: Teacher says, “Listen to ‘grow,’ then take away the /g/ sound at the beginning. What is the new word?” Student answers, “Row.”
- Adding phonemes – Teacher adds a phoneme to a word. Example: Teacher says, ” Listen to ‘row.’ Now add /g/ to the beginning of row. What is the new word?” Student answers, “Grow.”





